![]() ![]() “When it comes to shaping academic expectations, paternal incarceration is not only the most common among Black youth, but is also the most consequential.” Other scholars in the field, she said, have found that children who have experienced parental incarceration are more likely to drop out of high school and less likely to enroll in and graduate from college. “The negative credential of a father’s incarceration shapes college expectations for 15-year-olds to the same degree as the positive credential of a father’s post-secondary education does,” Haskins said. In addition to early educational outcomes, Haskins has also conducted research from the year 15 data of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey that shows that paternal incarceration is also associated with diminished post-secondary expectations among Black teens. Also, paternal incarceration increased the likelihood that elementary school children were attending more contextually disadvantaged schools.” A lot of literature talks about problem behaviors leading children to having increased likelihood of suspension or expulsion, which also leads to increased likelihood of being involved in the criminal legal system themselves. Paternal incarceration was also associated with lower scores on cognitive assessments and higher reports of problem behaviors for boys and girls of all backgrounds. “In the end, it takes kids and puts them on lower educational trajectories instead of higher ones as early as third grade. “These two indicators - grade retention and special education placement - are actually key indicators for educational detainment in the U.S.,” Haskins said. In the middle of childhood (around age 9), affected children have higher rates of grade retention and being placed in special education classes. Using data from the national Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey that has been tracking a group of nearly 5,000 children born to mostly unmarried parents from 1998 to 2000, she found the first educational drawback for children who experience paternal incarceration is lack of readiness for school at age 5. can offer a chance for upward mobility, Haskins remarked, but she has found a detrimental impact on educational success for children who experience parental incarceration, especially for Black boys. According to a number of studies, risk of exposure to parental incarceration is estimated to be 1 in 4 for Black children, 1 in 10 for Latino children and 1 in 25 for white children. ![]() Racial disparities in mass incarceration translate into racial disparities in exposure to parental incarceration, Haskins noted. “This is a relatively new phenomenon and unique to the United States,” Haskins said. Today’s numbers are similar, Haskins said, adding up to 10 million children who have experienced parental incarceration - including those who had a parent in jail (not prison), previously incarcerated or on parole. In 2012, 1 in 25 children had a parent who was incarcerated. Black, Latino and Indigenous men and women are much more likely to be incarcerated in both prison and jail than their white counterparts, and these disparities are doubly relevant as they also have intergenerational implications, as many who experience incarceration are parents.”ĭata show parental incarceration has increased fivefold between 19. These are present in who is targeted by police, who interacts with the criminal legal system, who is arrested and who is ultimately incarcerated. “It is well documented that the American criminal legal system has massive racial disparities. “I want to start us today with a brief overview of the racial disparities present in our criminal legal system, as they are essential to understanding intergenerational impacts and connections to poverty,” Haskins said. She kicked off the panel dedicated to perspectives from the criminal justice system. Haskins is a former elementary school teacher, and much of her academic work focuses on the intersection of family and the educational and criminal justice systems, and how these institutions preserve and mitigate social inequality. The April 14 webinar, sponsored by the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, was centered on outcomes resulting from current child welfare and justice systems. Tackes Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Notre Dame, was one of eight experts asked to testify at a public information-gathering session on policies and programs to reduce intergenerational poverty. ![]()
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